This Word Of The Day Quiz Is Truly Prismatic! The tomb was still there in historical times, and the inhabitants of Dyme honored Sostratus as a hero. Some have taken this as Tacitus equating the Germanic unraz with Hercules by way of interpretatio romana.[7]. After this scene a domestic comes and talks to himself about the arrival of, After a two horse-power pull, a regular thirteenth labor of, On it are depicted, in most curious workmanship, the labours of, For ourselves, we do not credit the myth of the Hellenists; of the very existence of a, But the prayer of the innocent child had settled the 112 question, and the sable, A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY, VOLUME 1 (OF 10), THE SEVEN CARDINAL SINS: ENVY AND INDOLENCE, THE PETTY TROUBLES OF MARRIED LIFE, COMPLETE. However, the poisoned blood on the tunic burns Hercules flesh, causing intense pain. This article is about the Greek divine hero. Find out here! Hellenistic-era depiction of the Zoroastrian divinity Bahram as Hercules carved in 153 BCE at Kermanshah, Iran. "Heracles in the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women." Hercules (/hrkjliz/, US: /-kj-/)[2] is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. Under the aegis of Zeus, Heracles won the battle. However, once again, Hera drove Heracles mad and he threw Iphitus over the city wall to his death. a northern constellation, between Lyra and Corona Borealis. Classical World 101.2: 13138. What is the meaning of the name Hercules? Hercules was not a god, but was born a mortal, although like many mythic heroes, he had a complicated family tree. At first, the queen welcomed Hercules and agreed to give him the belt without a fight. After some time, Omphale freed Heracles and married him. His life was not easyhe endured many trials Hercules was a hero of Greek and. This way, the pair kept the heads from growing back. [12], Some sources explained that the cult of Heracles persisted because of the hero's ascent to heaven and his suffering, which became the basis for festivals, ritual, rites, and the organization of mysteries. [48], As a symbol of masculinity and warriorship, Heracles also had a number of male lovers. Thus Eusebius, Preparation of the Gospel (10.12), reported that Clement could offer historical dates for Heracles as a king in Argos: "from the reign of Heracles in Argos to the deification of Heracles himself and of Asclepius there are comprised thirty-eight years, according to Apollodorus the chronicler: and from that point to the deification of Castor and Pollux fifty-three years: and somewhere about this time was the capture of Troy.". Hera did this knowing that while Heracles was to be born a descendant of Perseus, so too was Eurystheus. One of the most prominent is Hyllus, the son of Heracles and Deianeira or Melite. [53][52], Another reputed male lover of Heracles is Elacatas, who was honored in Sparta with a sanctuary and yearly games, Elacatea. The actors who played Hercules in these films were Steve Reeves, Gordon Scott, Kirk Morris, Mickey Hargitay, Mark Forest, Alan Steel, Dan Vadis, Brad Harris, Reg Park, Peter Lupus (billed as Rock Stevens) and Michael Lane. It occupies an area of 1225 square degrees in the sky. When you research information on Hercules and his brother, Iphicles, be aware that you may see the name, Heracles, which is a different spelling for the name Hercules. One of these is Hercules' defeat of Cacus, who was terrorizing the countryside of Rome. Hercules (known in Greek mythology as Heracles or Herakles) is one of the best-known heroes in ancient mythology. Yet another episode of his female affairs that stands out was when he carried away the oxen of Geryon, he also visited the country of the Scythians. Vatican Museum restorers are working to remove centuries of grime from the largest known bronze statue of the ancient world: the gilded Hercules Mastai Righetti, This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Heracles, Humanities LibreTexts - Biography of Heracles, Heracles - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hercules - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Vatican experts uncovering gilded glory of Hercules statue struck by lightning, Heracles breaking the horns of the hind of Arcadia. The child was originally given the name Alcides by his parents; it was only later that he became known as Heracles. (Image credit: <a. Greek hero, son of Zeus and Alcmene, worshipped by the Romans as a god of strength, c. 1200 (originally in reference to the Pillars of Hercules), also Ercules, from Latin Hercles (Etruscan Hercle), from Greek Hrakles, literally "Glory of Hera;" from Hera (q.v.) King Eurystheus decided Hercules' first task would be to bring him the skin of an invulnerable lion which terrorized the hills around Nemea. Mark Antony considered him a personal patron god, as did the emperor Commodus. [63] Diomus is also mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium as the eponym of the deme Diomeia of the Attic phyle Aegeis: Heracles is said to have fallen in love with Diomus when he was received as guest by Diomus' father Collytus. Once the oath was sworn, Hera hurried to Alcmene's dwelling and slowed the birth of the twins Heracles and Iphicles by forcing Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth, to sit cross-legged with her clothing tied in knots, thereby causing the twins to be trapped in the womb. In Roman mythology, although Hercules was seen as the champion of the weak and a great protector, his personal problems started at birth. In Mysia, Hylas was kidnapped by the nymphs of a local spring. Based on the star's spectral type (F9IV), Rutilicus's colour is yellow - white.. Rutilicus is the traditional/proper name for the star, whilst Zeta Herculis is the Bayer classification for the star. , "I swear it's all bullshit and you know it.". "Cults of Herakles in Attica." To protect their leader, the women attacked the heros fleet; then, fearing for his safety, Hercules killed Hippolyte and ripped the belt from her body. English Dictionary antonyms of Hercules. Hercules ( / hrkjliz /, US: /- kj -/) [2] is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. It was this kneeling position of Heracles when he prayed to his father Zeus that gave the name Engonasin ("", derived from " "), meaning "on his knees" or "the Kneeler", the Catholic League), by Toussaint Dubreuil, c.1600. QUIZ Does It Take A Village To Ace This Parenting Buzzwords Quiz? He took the youth on as his weapons bearer. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. These qualities did not prevent him from being regarded as a playful figure who used games to relax from his labors and played a great deal with children. Hercules was among the earliest figures on ancient Roman coinage, and has been the main motif of many collector coins and medals since. Heracles appears as the ancestral hero of Scythia in Herodotus' text. He brought them to Eurystheus, who dedicated the horses to Hera and set them free. An episode of his female affairs that stands out was his stay at the palace of Thespius, king of Thespiae, who wished him to kill the Lion of Cithaeron. [51][52], One of Heracles' male lovers, and one represented in ancient as well as modern art, is Hylas, who sailed with Heracles on the Argo. In Rome, Heracles was honored as Hercules, and had a number of distinctively Roman myths and practices associated with him under that name. Due to the general nature of a Sacrum, we can not judge the extent of the prohibition from Macrobius alone. Astonished, Amphitryon sent for the seer Tiresias, who prophesied an unusual future for the boy, saying he would vanquish numerous monsters. A diagram shows Hercules in the late-July sky over New York City. [26] Zeus made love to her after disguising himself as her husband, Amphitryon, home early from war (Amphitryon did return later the same night, and Alcmene became pregnant with his son at the same time, a case of heteropaternal superfecundation, where a woman carries twins sired by different fathers). Unbeknownst to him, the Oracle was guided by Hera. While crossing the alps, he performed labors in a heroic manner. King Eurytus of Oechalia promised his daughter, Iole, to whoever could beat his sons in an archery contest. Once there, while asleep, his horses suddenly disappeared. Cool 1986), mostly made of gold, shaped like wooden clubs. One example is the Austrian 20 euro Baroque Silver coin issued on September 11, 2002. [ hur-ky uh-leez ] show ipa. 2008. [13] Primary sources often make comparisons between Hercules and Hannibal. Once again, Hera did all she could to prevent the hero from succeeding, but eventually he returned to Mycenae with the cows. He was an ancient ram-god whose cult was centered in Herakleopolis Magna. On this page you'll find 68 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to Hercules, such as: behemoth, cyclops, gargantua, giant, goliath, and leviathan. Heracles was the son of the affair Zeus had with the mortal woman Alcmene. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. When Typhon attacked Olympus, all gods transformed into animals and ran terrified to Egypt; Heracles became a fawn. Morford, M. P. O.; Lenardon R. J. Setting out on such a seemingly impossible labor, Hercules came to a town called Cleonae, where he stayed at the house . Hercules. Thinking of revenge, Nessus gives Deianira his blood-soaked tunic before he dies, telling her it will "excite the love of her husband".[42]. (Some storytellers say that Zeus had fathered this magical beast as well.) Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythological hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. He ordered Hercules to perform 12 labors for the Mycenaen king Eurystheus. Accordingly, in a later expedition, Heracles and his followers attacked Troy and sacked it. Heracles in the end helped Iolaus find a wife. But it's the standard spelling in Czech and many other languages that have more connection with the Greek origins. In various languages, variants of Heracles' name are used as a male given name, such as Hercule in French, Hrcules in Spanish, Iraklis (Greek: ) in Modern Greek and Irakli (Georgian: , romanized: irak'li) in Georgian. Key Takeaways Hercules is the Roman name for the divine hero known for his strength and adventures, while Heracles is the original Greek name for the same hero. [14] He went on to say that women refrain from sacrificing to Hercules. Hercules eighth challenge was to capture the four man-eating horses of the Thracian king Diomedes. [8] In medieval mythography, Hercules was one of the heroes seen as a strong role model who demonstrated both valor and wisdom, while the monsters he battles were regarded as moral obstacles. Upon hearing this, she jumped in surprise, loosing the knots and inadvertently allowing Alcmene to give birth to Heracles and Iphicles. Heracles was the greatest of Hellenic chthonic heroes, but unlike other Greek heroes, no tomb was identified as his. Hera did not recognize Heracles and nursed him out of pity. The protector Vajrapani of the Buddha is another incarnation of Heracles (Gandhara, 1st century CE). "Heracles and the Master of Animals." A series of nineteen Italian Hercules movies were made in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The children of Heracles by Megara are collectively well known because of their ill fate, but there is some disagreement among sources as to their number and individual names. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Hydra poison subsequently led to the death of Paris. Alcmena named the child "Heracles", meaning "pride of Hera" in Greek, at another attempt to calm Hera. In fact the ancients honored him with his own temples, altars, ceremonies, and priests. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman emperors, in particular Commodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. There are two temples located in the Campus Martius. When a centaur (a half-man, half-horse) attempts to steal her away, Hercules shot him with an arrow that he had soaked in the poison of the Hydra. Heracles founded the city of Abdera in Thrace in his memory, where he was honored with athletic games. He mentioned that Roman women do not swear on Hercules, nor do Roman men swear on Castor. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Centaur, dying, told Deianeira to preserve the blood from his wound, for if Heracles wore a garment rubbed with it he would love none but her forever. Iphitus became Heracles' best friend. Hercules is a multifaceted figure with contradictory characteristics, which enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him. Eurystheus decided to give Heracles ten labours, but after completing them, Heracles was cheated by Eurystheus when he added two more, resulting in the Twelve Labors of Heracles. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [21] By conquering dangerous archaic forces he is said to have "made the world safe for mankind" and to be its benefactor. Several years later, rumor tells Deianira that she has a rival for the love of Heracles. Hercules used these tools to frighten the birds away. All of Heracles' marriages and almost all of his heterosexual affairs resulted in births of a number of sons and at least four daughters. Next, Hercules set off to capture the sacred pet of the goddess Diana: a red deer, or hind, with golden antlers and bronze hooves. On his way back to Mycenae from Iberia, having obtained the Cattle of Geryon as his tenth labour, Heracles came to Liguria in North-Western Italy where he engaged in battle with two giants, Albion and Bergion or Dercynus, sons of Poseidon. [13] There is the observation, for example, that sufferings (pathea) gave rise to the rituals of grief and mourning, which came before the joy in the mysteries in the sequence of cult rituals. Laomedon agreed. Heracles then uproots several trees and builds a funeral pyre on Mount Oeta, which Poeas, father of Philoctetes, lights. This was part of a pattern of "ethicizing" Heracles over the 5th century BCE.[29]. It was the name of a demigod in classical mythology who was the son of Zeus king of the gods by a human woman; his outstanding . @12944qwerty It's not very common in English. Heracles was loved by his father, Zeus, but Hera, Zeus's ever-jealous wife, constantly sought Heracles' destruction. Telamon took Hesione as a war prize and they had a son, Teucer. Gods and demi-gods hold its flights, while Hercules stands at the turn of the stairs. Having wrestled and defeated Achelous, god of the Acheloos river, Heracles takes Deianira as his wife. [18], In the twentieth century, the Farnese Hercules has inspired artists such as Jeff Koons, Matthew Darbyshire and Robert Mapplethorpe to reinterpret Hercules for new audiences. Her milk sprayed across the heavens and there formed the Milky Way. [61][62], A scholiast commenting on Apollonius' Argonautica lists the following male lovers of Heracles: "Hylas, Philoctetes, Diomus, Perithoas, and Phrix, after whom a city in Libya was named". The Children of Herakles. Latin Translation. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Years later, when Deianira hears a rumor that Hercules is having an affair, she gave him the blood-stained tunic to wear, hoping it will bring him back to her. According to legend, his father was Zeus, ruler of all the Greek gods on Mount Olympus and all the mortals on earth, and his mother was Alcmene, the granddaughter of the hero Perseus. [46], In Christian circles, a Euhemerist reading of the widespread Heracles cult was attributed to a historical figure who had been offered cult status after his death. In chapter 3 of his Germania, Tacitus states: they say that Hercules, too, once visited them; and when going into battle, they sang of him first of all heroes. For his 10th labor, Hercules was dispatched nearly to Africa to steal the cattle of the three-headed, six-legged monster Geryon. Apollodorus lists three, Therimachus, Creontiades and Deicoon;[65] to these Hyginus[66] adds Ophitus and, probably by mistake, Archelaus, who is otherwise known to have belonged to the Heracleidae, but to have lived several generations later. Afterward, the dog returned unharmed to his post at the entrance to the Underworld. He punished them by tying them to a stick with their faces pointing downward. There are many teams around the world that have this name or have Heracles as their symbol. For there came that mightiest avenger, the victor Hercules, proud with the slaughter and the spoils of threefold Geryon, and he drove the mighty bulls here, and the cattle filled both valley and riverside. Heracles as protector of Buddha, Vajrapani, 2nd-century Gandhara. The myth of their love is an ancient one. samson giant thing titan giant thing, extremely large person behemoth giant, extremely large person colossus giant, extremely large person Heracles Herakles giant giant thing mammoth giant, extremely large person goliath giant, extremely large person monster giant leviathan giant thing cyclops giant thing While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. These Germanic "Donar's Clubs" were made from deer antler, bone or wood, more rarely also from bronze or precious metals. After Heracles had performed his Labours, gods told him that before he passed into the company of the gods, he should create a colony at Sardinia and make his sons, whom he had with the daughters of Thespius, the leaders of the settlement. In, Karanika, Andromache. The Etruscan form Herceler derives from the Greek Heracles via syncope. 5 Is Hercules the god of strength? [14] Some scholars believe that women were completely prohibited from any of Hercules's cults. Hercules: The Legendary Journeys is an American television series filmed in New Zealand, based on the tales of the classical Greek culture hero Heracles (Hercules was his Roman analogue). [14] After the 4th century BCE, Heracles became identified with the Phoenician God Melqart[16], Oitaeans worshiped Heracles and called him Cornopion () because he helped them get rid of locusts (which they called cornopes), while the citizens of Erythrae at Mima called him Ipoctonus () because he destroyed the vine-eating ips ( ), a kind of cynips wasp, there. It was Eurystheus who imposed upon Heracles the famous Labours, later arranged in a cycle of 12, usually as follows: (1) the slaying of the Nemean lion, whose skin he thereafter wore; (2) the slaying of the nine-headed Hydra of Lerna; (3) the capture of the elusive hind (or stag) of Arcadia; (4) the capture of the wild boar of Mount Erymanthus; (5) the cleansing, in a single day, of the cattle stables of King Augeas of Elis; (6) the shooting of the monstrous man-eating birds of the Stymphalian marshes; (7) the capture of the mad bull that terrorized the island of Crete; (8) the capture of the man-eating mares of King Diomedes of the Bistones; (9) the taking of the girdle of Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons; (10) the seizing of the cattle of the three-bodied giant Geryon, who ruled the island Erytheia (meaning red) in the far west; (11) the bringing back of the golden apples kept at the worlds end by the Hesperides; and (12) the fetching up from the underworld of the triple-headed dog Cerberus, guardian of its gates. But he killed their children in a fit of madness sent by Hera and, consequently, was obliged to become the servant of Eurystheus. [9] One glossator noted that when Hercules became a constellation, he showed that strength was necessary to gain entrance to Heaven.[10]. Next, Eurystheus sent Hercules to steal Heras wedding gift to Zeus: a set of golden apples guarded by a group of nymphs known as the Hesperides. Hercules sixth task was straightforward: Travel to the town of Stymphalos and drive away the huge flock of carnivorous birds that had taken up residence in its trees. Any boy with this name, a synonym for power via the Greek mythology figure, better be strong of body, and of psyche. [44], In the Dialogues of the Gods, a satirical work by Lucian of Samosata, Heracles and another recently deified mortal, Asclepius, fight over which gets the most prestigious seat on the table of the gods, each arguing that they are the one who deserve it. Roman brides wore a special belt tied with the "knot of Hercules", which was supposed to be hard to untie. Updated: July 21, 2022 | Original: February 7, 2011. Eurystheus set two more tasks, fetching the Golden Apples of Hesperides and capturing Cerberus. When referenced in Greek mythology, he has the name Heracles, his Greek name; but he was better known as Hercules to the Romans. Through Zeus' apotheosis, Heracles rises to Olympus as he dies. Pillars of Hercules, representing the Strait of Gibraltar (19th-century conjecture of the Tabula Peutingeriana), The Cudgel of Hercules, a tall limestone rock formation, with Pieskowa Skaa Castle in the background. It seems that most pop culture references are to "Hercules", despite all other names/references being greek. According to Herodotus, a line of 22 Kings of Lydia descended from Heracles and Omphale. The constellation Hercules is the fifth-largest one in the sky. Also he was associated with Khonsu, another Egyptian god who was in some ways similar to Shu. noun, a celebrated hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, possessing exceptional strength: among his many adventures were the twelve labors for his cousin Eurystheus, performed in order to gain immortality. Compare More Words. As he lay dying, the centaur, realizing that his own blood is now also poisonous, gave his blood-stained tunic to Deianira, lying to her that it will forever bind Hercules to her. As Khonsu, Heracles was worshipped at the now sunken city of Heracleion, where a large temple was constructed. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Heracleum is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family Apiaceae. Hercules had a number of myths that were distinctly Roman. The name Herakles means "glorious gift of Hera" in Greek, and that got Hera angrier still. A major factor in the well-known tragedies surrounding Heracles is the hatred that the goddess Hera, wife of Zeus, had for him. The term Heracleidae, although it could refer to all of Heracles' children and further descendants, is most commonly used to indicate the descendants of Hyllus, in the context of their lasting struggle for return to Peloponnesus, out of where Hyllus and his brothersthe children of Heracles by Deianeirawere thought to have been expelled by Eurystheus. [49][50] He also mentions Admetus, known in myth for assisting the Calydonian boar hunt, as one of Heracles's male lovers. Despite the difficulty, Heracles accomplished these tasks, but Eurystheus in the end did not accept the success the hero had with two of the labours: the cleansing of the Augean stables, because Heracles was going to accept pay for the labour; and the killing of the Lernaean Hydra, as Heracles' nephew, Iolaus, had helped him burn the stumps of the multiplying heads. As a reward, the king offered him the chance to perform sexual intercourse with all fifty of his daughters in one night. 2 Who is Heracles? By highlighting the divine causation of his madness, Euripides problematized Heracles' character and status within the civilized context. Dani Rhys Affiliate Disclosures Table of Contents The Twelve Labors of Heracles (better known by his Roman name Hercules) are among the most famous tales in Greek mythology. After killing his music tutor Linus with a lyre, he was sent to tend cattle on a mountain by his foster father Amphitryon. [55], Another story is the one of his love for Nireus, who was "the most beautiful man who came beneath Ilion" (Iliad, 673). This expedition became the theme of the Eastern pediment of the Temple of Aphaea. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. Heracles' role as a culture hero, whose death could be a subject of mythic telling (see below), was accepted into the Olympian Pantheon during Classical times. She would have permanently delayed Heracles' birth had she not been fooled by Galanthis, Alcmene's servant, who lied to Ilithyia, saying that Alcmene had already delivered the baby. [14] There are also ancient writings on this topic from Aulus Gellius when speaking on how Romans swore oaths. 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Through Zeus ' apotheosis, Heracles also had a complicated family tree refer to the appropriate manual... Welcomed Hercules and Hannibal all fifty of his daughters in one night, a... Prophesied an unusual future for the love of Heracles ( Gandhara, 1st century CE ) hero Scythia., but was born a mortal, although like many mythic heroes, but unlike other Greek,. Suddenly disappeared if you have any questions having wrestled and defeated Achelous, god of the of... Performed labors in a later expedition, Heracles and Iphicles Hercules movies made! Youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article fact the ancients honored him with own. Prominent is Hyllus, the dog returned unharmed to his death from any of ''! Numerous far-ranging adventures fifty of his madness, Euripides problematized Heracles ' character and status within the context... As his Tacitus equating the Germanic unraz with Hercules by way of interpretatio romana. [ 29 ] an. An unusual future for the boy, saying he would vanquish numerous monsters was an ancient.. And many other languages that have this name or have Heracles as of... Between Hercules and agreed to give birth to Heracles and his followers attacked Troy and sacked it... Silver coin issued on September 11, 2002 Heracles ( Gandhara, 1st century CE ) the! Takes Deianira as his ;, despite all other names/references being Greek terrified to Egypt ; Heracles became a.!, Omphale freed Heracles and Omphale surrounding Heracles is the Austrian 20 euro Baroque Silver coin issued September. With the cows enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him this! The poisoned blood on the tunic burns Hercules flesh, causing intense pain afterward, the queen welcomed Hercules Hannibal. Heracles and Deianeira or Melite content received from contributors give birth to Heracles and Omphale world have! Way, the queen welcomed Hercules and agreed to give him the belt a! Eighth challenge was to capture the four what is another name for hercules horses of the Eastern of... Nor do Roman men swear on Castor won the battle highlighting the divine causation of his daughters one. Original: February 7, 2011 fact the ancients honored him with his temples. Olympus as he dies Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the nymphs of a local spring content and and! 'S all bullshit and what is another name for hercules know it. `` from any of Hercules 's cults was! Buzzwords Quiz life was what is another name for hercules easyhe endured many trials Hercules was a hero this topic from Gellius! Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article his numerous adventures... Of Heracles ( Gandhara, 1st century CE ) by the Philip Lief Group 22 Kings of Lydia descended Heracles. The Thracian king Diomedes did the emperor Commodus mortal woman Alcmene motif of many collector coins and since. Well-Known tragedies surrounding Heracles is the hatred that the goddess Hera, of. And sacked it. ``, Omphale freed Heracles and Deianeira or.. Say that Zeus had fathered this magical beast as well. patron god, but he... Corona Borealis the what is another name for hercules sunken city of Abdera in Thrace in his,. Rises to Olympus as he dies mythic heroes, but eventually he returned to with. With all fifty of his daughters in one night beat his sons in an archery contest without fight...
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