He urged people to obey the Mosaic law and follow its precepts. This verse implies that the old covenant laws are no more, as they have been replaced by a new and better law that includes everyone. Jews believe that they are the chosen people of God and that one day he would send a Messiah to reunite the ancient tribes of Israel, rebuild the Temple of Solomon and usher in a new, wondrous era known as the Messianic Age. Why do religious scholars believe Jesus practiced Judaism? 4 likes, 0 comments - Saint Michael Dennis Grant (@phillyjesus) on Instagram: "( Before Philly Jesus ( PJ ) got sincerely Born Again ( see John 3:3 ) -"i AM PROUD OF MY CHiLD . Christianity is rooted in a relationship with Christ as you abide by His rules, meaning that even if you err, you can correct your faults. It's not an accident that that came into Christianity after the majority of people coming into the Christian church were raised in Greek circles rather than in Jewish circles because in Jewish circles, there is no separation of the soul and the body. And more specifically, the messiah for whom Israel had been waiting so long was finally being presented. There have always been people who actually picked a time when it's going to happen. God is punishing us. Jesus ministry was, of course, more than just words, but he started his ministry with words, uttered vital words from the cross, and gave even more words of empowerment after his resurrection. I was terrified of going to hell. I mean, you know, a lot of people aren't joking. GROSS: Do you feel that believing in hell scarred you? Bart Ehrman, welcome back to FRESH AIR. Plato also has ideas about souls living on, either to be rewarded or punished forever. What Religion Was Jesus? And it's really the only way to stop this thing from growing. And the other interesting thing is that what the Gnostics did, by reading their ideas into Jesus, is also what the Orthodox Christians did, by putting words in Jesus' lips that supported their ideas of heaven and hell. Bibliography The apostles were 12 of the disciples of Jesus who went on to spread his message and found the early Christian church. He also adhered to the Judaic practices of feasts such as the Passover. When did Jesus rise from the dead (the Resurrection of Jesus)? Bart Ehrman's new book is called "Heaven And Hell: The History Of The Afterlife." Is Christianity a religion or a relationship with Christ? They could say that, yes, your soul lives on, and so when you die, your soul will go up to God with heaven. It's going to come very soon. Do you hear that? They're not? I'm Terry Gross. People today, when they read the phrase kingdom of God, they think he's talking about heaven, the place that your soul goes to when you die. It made me a rather obnoxious fundamentalist Christian because I thought that everybody else was going to go to hell, and so I had to go out of my way to convert them all (laughter). EHRMAN: Yeah, that would absolutely be good. Jesus didnt just preach good news TO people. What ends up happening is that, over time, this expectation that the kingdom was coming soon began to be questioned because it was supposed to come soon and it didn't come soon, and it's still not coming, and when is it going to come? Jesus was a Jew. GROSS: Thank you. It's because of, you know, those LGBTQ folk, you know, who are allowing promiscuous activity. Before Christianity, the religion that was followed by many was Judaism. And so he came up with the idea that he would have a temporary residence up with Christ in God's realm, in heaven, until the end came. There are a small number of Jewish sects, such as Messianic Judaism, that do believe Jesus to be the Messiah and the Son of God, but retain their Jewish identity distinct from Christianity. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Why was Jesus baptized? So this is a really important shift for understanding both the history of later Judaism and the history of later Christianity and the historical Jesus. He is also known as John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, and Prophet Yahya in Islam.He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser.. John is mentioned by the Roman Jewish . There are a small number of Jewish sects, such as Messianic Judaism, that do believe Jesus to be the Messiah and the Son of God, but retain their Jewish identity distinct from Christianity. The Bible says people were first called Christians in Antioch in Acts 11:1926. The Easter story is a story of hope that - in the Easter story, death is not the final word, that there's something that comes after death. Particularly check out our initial announcement that we would be planting a new church in northwest Arkansas and our appeal for supporting partners for Grace Hills. So, OK, suppose I'm just a regular old sinner, and I die when I'm 40, and so maybe I had about 25, maybe even 30 years of not being the most perfect person on Earth. Sen. Ted Cruz preached tolerance for gay people during a Twitter spat with a pastor. There are people who are terrified of dying because they're afraid - they are literally afraid that they will be tormented for trillions of years, just as the beginning. Ehrman is a distinguished professor of religious studies at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and is one of America's most widely read scholars of early Christianity and the New Testament. Victory is sure, but it is only enjoyed partially, until the King returns to be worshipped by all. The early church was rooted in Judaism and Jewish messianism, and the earliest believers in Christ were mostly Jews. You live in North Carolina. I actually consider myself both an atheist and an agnostic because I - you know, I don't really know if there's a superior being in the universe, but I don't believe there is. All rights reserved. And people started thinking, well, you know, surely I'm going to get rewarded, you know, not in some kingdom that's going to come in a few thousand years, but I'm going to get rewarded by God right away. Seven Spiritual Challenges for Imperfect Christian Leaders. This was the old view that the reason God's people suffer is because they've done something wrong and he wants them to repent. His earlier books include "Misquoting Jesus" and "How Jesus Became God.". This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. The body is not your friend, and God did not create the body. The - after Jesus. Eight days after his birth, he was circumcised to observe the Jewish laws, and a sacrifice of a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons was also given in observance of Jewish customs. Many Jews practiced this religion and followed its rules for a long time. Brandon Cox, and along with his wife Angie,are planting Grace Hills Church in Bentonville, Arkansas. And so I think - I cannot believe that you can actually say that God is just and merciful and loving - even if he believes in judgment, he is not going to torture you for 30 trillion years and then keep going. Omissions? He's a distinguished professor of religious studies at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and the author of many books about early Christianity. Why Did Jesus Weep (What Does The Bible Say About Jesus Weeping). Roberta Shorrock directs the show. It's why we experience so much pain and suffering because we live in these material shells. Drew Angerer/Getty Images. It's going to grow. And we all just hope that it doesn't lead to even further disaster. Although born in Bethlehem, according to Matthew and Luke, Jesus was a Galilean from Nazareth, a village near Sepphoris, one of the two major cities of Galilee (Tiberias was the other). (SOUNDBITE OF PETROS KLAMPANIS' "EASY COME EASY GO"). Dont change. This is FRESH AIR. He was born to Joseph and Mary sometime between 6 bce and shortly before the death of Herod the Great (Matthew 2; Luke 1:5) in 4 bce. But in terms of what I believe, I'm an atheist. The old testament has a fairly uniform and rather stark explanation for why there are plagues or epidemics or pandemics. Joseph is said to have been a carpenter (Matthew 13:55)that is, a craftsman who worked with his handsand, according to Mark 6:3, Jesus also became a carpenter. I know you're on sabbatical right now. GROSS: So you were saying there really isn't an explicit description of heaven and hell in the Hebrew Bible or even in the New Testament, but that Paul is important in understanding the history of heaven and hell. We're not doing anything else. Jesus was born Jewish. I am a believer and pastor dedicated to spreading the word of God. That also is the view of Paul, that people would be destroyed if - when Jesus returns. GROSS: You've talked about how belief in the end times led in a circuitous way to belief in heaven and hell. Jesus' disciple Simon may have been a Zealot,12 Stephen was a Hellenist,13 Paul was a Pharisee, and Peter was one of the ammei ha'aretz. And right, it kind of seems like that when you read it - when you just kind of simply read it. If Jesus was a Jew, why arent Christians Jewish? But if you actually read it carefully, it doesn't say that. EHRMAN: That's a really good question. Originally titledJesus, the Prophet, Came Preaching. Jesus Christ is revered by Christians as the Son of God and come Dec. 25 (and a little later for some other denominations) believers around the world will celebrate the founder and namesake of the world's largest religion. But the pandemic, for me, is simply making it crystal clear why these are issues for so many people. Updates? Like, I'm sure you don't want to talk them out of their beliefs. I have to deal with this in my book, where I try to show that, in fact, the Book of Revelation does not describe eternal torment for sinners in the lake of fire. As he grew up and began to preach, he did not distinguish his faith from Judaism, which dates back to the Bronze Age, however, his claim to be the Son of God disturbed many at the time. And now we have the pandemic. Tell us about what Paul wrote. In virtually every case, we're told that it's because God is punishing people. When people need to find life pleasant and hopeful and they need to be helpful to other people, they need to enjoy life, if all you're looking forward to is what's going to happen after you die, you can't really fully enjoy life now because this is just a dress rehearsal. Author of. And in most gnostic religions, the idea is to get out of the shell, to escape the shell. Our engineer today is Adam Staniszewski. Your breath doesn't go anywhere. In the Old Testament, what we would call the soul is really more like what we would call the breath. GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. If Jesus practiced Judaism, where did Christianity come from? GROSS: I'm wondering - since you've changed from being a fundamentalist when you were in your teens and early 20s to now being an agnostic atheist, how have you dealt with the deaths or impending deaths over the years of loved ones who do believe and who - you know, who are Christians, who are Christian believers and do believe in heaven and hell? You get both of those explanations. I don't try to trash anybody's views. Jesus was born into a Jewish family and raised as a Jew. And if you're thinking, but what about this passage in the Old Testament or what about that passage in the New Testament, let me just say we only had time to touch on a few of the points in Bart Ehrman's book, so if you want to know more about what he has to say about the history of the afterlife, I refer you to his book. Ten years ago, a Barna study estimated that 3,500 people leave the church daily. Bart Ehrman says the ideas of eternal rewards and punishments aren't found in the Old Testament or in the teachings of Jesus. It'd be like the Garden of Eden once more. The word of God shows us the these people in the bible struggled with the same challenges of being human as we do today. Most Jews today do not accept that Jesus was the Son of God, beyond that, there is no official Jewish teaching on the man who professed to be the Messiah. His disciples became convinced that he rose from the dead and appeared to them. Muslims revere Jesus as one of their holiest prophets and, like Christians, believe he was conceived miraculously by his mother Mary through God's intervention. And that was the view that Jesus then picked up. GROSS: So this was all dependent on, like, the Messiah coming on the end of days, which some Jewish prophets predicted would be soon. But then time dragged on, and a couple of decades passed, and it didn't arrive, and Paul started realizing that, in fact, he might die before it happens. Oh, and Im also a self-proclaimed brand evangelist for Chick-fil-A. Because of Jesus, you can berescued from poverty,released from slavery,restored in your sight and your soul, andredeemed from all oppression! Copyright 2020 NPR. When Jesus came to earth, He knew exactly what He had to do. This is because they suggest that John the Baptist was an Essene; thus, Jesus, too, must have been from the same sect. Jesus preached the best news the world has ever heard with an invitation FOR people to turn from sin, trust him, and have their lives changed forever! Why is Jesus called the Lion of Judah (What does it mean)? They report that Mary was a virgin when Jesus was conceived and that she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit (Matthew 1:18; cf. And so I'm - my wife and I have been completely self-isolated for a week now, and we're going to stay this way. Christians do not have to be Jews or follow Judaism. You get that in the story of Moses in the Book of Exodus. Mark, who was first to write an inspired biography of Jesus, jumps right into Jesus adult years and gives us a summary introduction to Jesus ministry with these words, Later on, after John was arrested, Jesus went into Galilee, where he preached Gods Good News. Jesus Criticizes the Religious Leaders 23 Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, 2 "The teachers of religious law and the Pharisees are the official interpreters of the law of Moses. Jesus answered him, 'It is also . While not much is known about Jesus' adolescent years, it is believed that he regularly attended Temple and showed an almost supernatural knowledge of his Jewish faith. But the main thing is that I think that, in fact, it imposes emotional damage. And so these people who converted to Christianity were principally Greek thinkers, they thought there was a soul that live forever. Most Jews rejected Jesus' claim that he was the Messiah and especially denied that he was the Son of God. Rome had legions in both countries but not in Palestine. It's not that I wish I believed it; I wish that it were true. And as time went on, that became the emphasis rather than the idea of the resurrection with the dead. But he is a prophet nonetheless, and the greatest prophet the world has ever known. And Christians now, who were mainly coming from Greek contexts, latched onto that idea with a Christian way of putting it. Christianity is God reaching out to people based on their terms, but in essence, religion is a man trying to reach out to God based on Gods terms, and often this is by abiding strictly by rules. It was to the Jewish people that the Gospel's Jesus presented himself and it was they who rejected his hypocrisy, arrogance and false claims. And so they ended up shifting the thinking away from the idea that there'd be a kingdom here on Earth that was soon to come to thinking that the kingdom, in fact, is up with God above in heaven. Copyright IBTimes 2023. You simply - it is going to be a disaster for some way - somewhere, on some level, for the economy, but it'll be a worse disaster if we are out in public because we could be spreading the virus. We're staying - absolutely staying inside, and we're in the yard. That Christianity grew, after such a brief inception, into the world religion we know to today is testimony to the power of the message Jesus preached. Our view is that we - you've got two things going on in the human parts. BART EHRMAN: We're all well. Sometimes Sheol is talked about by people today as a place that's kind of like the Greek Hades, a place where everybody goes after they die, and they aren't really physical beings down there; they're just kind of like souls, and they exist forever there, and there's nothing to do, and they do - they're all the same. A nearly 150-year-old stained-glass church window that depicts a dark-skinned Jesus Christ interacting with women in New Testament scenes has stirred up questions about race, Rhode Island's role in the slave trade and the place of women in 19th century New England society, Pop Quiz: 19 Things to Know About Christianity, Relations between Jewish areas and nearby Gentile areas, The relation of Jesus teaching to the Jewish law, The picture of Christ in the early church: The Apostles Creed, Conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, Suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried, The third day he rose again from the dead, He ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of God the Father almighty, From thence he shall come to judge the living and the dead, The dogma of Christ in the ancient councils, The Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople, The interpretation of Christ in Western faith and thought, Doctrines of the person and work of Christ, The Reformation and classical Protestantism, The debate over Christology in modern Christian thought. And I think that, you know, psychologically, that was very bad. If all you can do is yell at people about their sin, dont call it gospel preaching. Demons have to flee. The things that are happening now are absolutely dreadful as, of course, they were in 1916 to - 1914 to 1918 and as they have been at other times in history. And so Paul thought he would be alive when the end came. What was Jesus' main work? But Jesus isn't talking about heaven because he doesn't believe - he's a Jew - he doesn't believe in the separation of soul and body. All rights reserved. He's the author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." As for Ehrman's beliefs, as a child, he was an altar boy in the Episcopal Church. . The fact is, human beings are still deeply moved and motivated by the art of spoken word, even in our visually-stimulating media-rich culture. It'll be exponential. Most Jews today do not accept that Jesus was the Son of God, beyond that, there is no official Jewish teaching on the man who professed to be the Messiah. So let's do that, and then we'll talk some more. He promoted the Law of Moses and fulfilled it, and in all these things, many scholars have suggested that it is proof enough that Jesus practiced Judaism. So they have very much a differentiation between soul and body. https://www.islamic-invitation.com/downloads/did-jesus-preach-islam_eng.pdf Was Jesus Christian or Muslim https://www.islamic-invitation.com/downloads/jesus-christian-or-muslim_eng.pdf Jesus A Prophet of God https://www.islamic-invitation.com/downloads/Jesus-a-prophet-of-god-muslims-jesus_eng.pdf Did Jesus Preach Islam? GROSS: Let's take a break here, and then we'll talk some more. So now we're faced with a pandemic. Luke 1:35). I'm a shamanic practitioner that understands that all labels are cognitive in nature,' he says. So how does the Book of Revelation contribute to the vision of hell? Jesus was also born and raised among people who practiced Judaism, which in turn had a major influence on the religion he ascribed to. After the crucifixion of Jesus in the 1st century, they split. Existence is entirely bodily. But it's the only way to stop it. It wasnt self-help gibberish or mystical, pithy sayings. They'll be physical. And he started thinking that, surely, he's going to be in Christ's presence during that time. Jesus often made pilgrimage trips to Jerusalem to observe the ceremony. And then you have group who saying that it's the devil doing it, that in fact, it's the forces of evil. Being raised by Christians significantly impacted my life since I started professing Christ from a young age. If I'm brought into the presence of Christ at the resurrection, and, you know, there's a gap between the time I die and - what happens to me during that gap? In many of Jesus teachings, we see him often quoting the Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. Just stay where you are and God will overlook the deep brokenness within you. I'm Terry Gross, back with Bart Ehrman, author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." But in Greek circles, going way back to Plato and before him, that was absolutely the belief. Instead, they believe Jesus was entirely mortal, not divine, and God accepted Jesus into heaven before he was killed, only making it seem as if he was crucified. Sen. Ted Cruz. For Paul, Jesus was going to come back from heaven and bring in God's kingdom here on Earth, and people would be raised from the dead for glorious eternity. The time promised by God has come at last! he announced. However, the same Bible suggests that Jesus came to fulfill the Law and bring a better law that now brings about Christianity, which is built on a relationship with God and not laws. I have a passion for connecting with and encouraging Pastors, so to assist Pastor Rick Warren in doing so is an awesome responsibility! [ivory-search id="86" title="Default Search Form"]. They are wiped out. If you're just joining us, my guest is Bart Ehrman, who is the author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." If you're just joining us, my guest is religion scholar Bart Ehrman, author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." 41:17 41-Minute Listen Playlist Download Embed Transcript Bart Ehrman says the ideas of eternal rewards and punishments aren't found in the Old Testament or in the teachings of Jesus.. What Religion Was Jesus? And thanks for having me back. People do not live forever. Copyright 2023 IBTimes LLC. I'm going to be tortured for 30 trillion years for those 30 years? President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. You've also studied the Gnostic Gospels, which were the recently discovered gospels that never became part of the canon. When Jesus was born, all of Jewish Palestineas well as some of the neighbouring Gentile areaswas ruled by Rome's able "friend and ally" Herod the Great. Still, religion often has consequences and a lot of condemnation because it is a man trying to please God by being righteous through outward physical practices that have dire consequences, even death, if not adhered to. And so I don't - it's not that I think that I believe only rational things and everybody else is irrational. His new book is Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife. And those 30 trillion years is just the beginning? After attending the Moody Bible Institute, he studied at Princeton Theological Seminary, which introduced him to texts and interpretations that led him to a more liberal form of Christianity. Biblical preaching is both a presentation of the good news of Jesus and a challenge to embrace it with the whole heart and mind. I have a different set of beliefs. Jesus focused less on the Jewish holy book, the Torah, and more on personal understanding of God, according to religious tradition. And so that's the alternative. Jesusstartedwith the wonderful news that the deliverance broken humanity had been waiting for so long had finally arrived. Tomorrow on FRESH AIR, my guest will be a doctor who has worked in war zones around the world and is now battling the pandemic, treating patients in his own country, England. Please check the About Us Page for more details. It does psychological damage. Tom O'Connor ("International Business Times," December 13, 2016). I don't think I'm scarred much longer, but I worked really, really hard at it. These continue to be two of the common explanations today. 377 likes, 11 comments - Shahin Malek (@iamshahinmalek) on Instagram: "Why Did Ahmed Deedat Started Doing Da'wah? They'll be in bodies. GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. But it's not what you believe. And you have that group. EHRMAN: I think one of the hardest things for people to get their minds around is that ancient Israelites and then Jews and then Jesus himself and his followers have a very different understanding of what the relationship between what we call body and soul. One of the early, main doctrinal differences between Judaism and Christianity was the emphasis the latter placed on Jesus and the Holy Spirit, two extensions of God. He said, "'It is written, "Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.'" . Did Jesus ever proclaim himself a member of any religion? He preached the good news that God would establish a kingdom, or government, that would solve all of humankind's problems. When Paul preaches at Athens in Acts 17, he changes his evangelism approach in a way that can help us today understand how to share our beliefs with new people. All this is a true reflection that Jesus dominant religious influence was from the Jews around him, his parents, relatives, friends, and associates, and they played a huge role in Jesus ascribing to the Judaism religion. Let's face it - the pandemic has made death a presence on a scale most of us aren't used to. a Jesus tirelessly shared this positive message for three and a half years. It's about how people have misused the Book of Revelation to talk about how the end is coming and how it always seems like it's going to be coming in our own time. His books such as "Misquoting Jesus" and "How Jesus Became God" challenge a lot of beliefs and common wisdom. That is not a view that was held by ancient Israelites and then Jews, and it's not even taught in the Old Testament. But eventually, in Christianity, the idea was that since the soul is eternal, it's either rewarded eternally or it's punished eternally. I think Andy Griffith is historys greatest show, George Washington is historys greatest president, and Reeses Pieces is the best food group. His calling to repentance and faith is both a command and an invitation. He ascended from His throne in heaven to interact with humans on Earth. Jews are a tribe and are mostly associated with the Israelites. He's a distinguished professor of religious studies at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. And it's probably not a place that people go to, per se. EHRMAN: I think that - I'll speak from the Christian tradition, which I still cherish even though I am no longer a Christian, there are aspects of Christianity that I resonate with because they're so deeply ingrained in me. Jesus taught that the Old Testament was the Word of God in seven ways. It is suggested in many Bible verses that before people were allowed to approach God, the priests were the only ones sacred enough to do so. What religion did Jesus preach since Christianity was born years after his ascension to heaven? Jesus also regularly attended worship sessions in the synagogues where he taught. We like to think of Jesus in any kind of role except that of preacher and prophet, but preaching was a primary component of his earthly ministry. Surely, he was the word of God shows us the these people in the end came exactly what had. Messiah and especially denied that he was the Son of God. `` Christians now, are... Jesus then picked up the idea of the Afterlife. Default Search form ]... Does the Bible Say about Jesus Weeping ) things and everybody else is irrational and that the... The Old Testament, what we would call the breath it 's not that I think that wish! For connecting with and encouraging Pastors, so to assist pastor Rick Warren in doing is. 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