The new province included these parts, and to it were added Paphlagonia 6 B.C., part of Pontus 2 B.C. [64] At the same time, the women in Paul's time would also not necessarily have heard an ideology of gender equality from the message of Galatians 3:28 because of their subordinated status in society at that time. It is less likely that the recipients of this letter were Pauls churches in the southern regions of Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia where he had preached earlier in the Hellenized cities of Perge, Iconium, Pisidian Antioch, Lystra, and Derbe (Acts 13:1314:27); this area was part of the Roman province of Galatia, and some scholars think that South Galatia was the destination of this letter. [49], Position (1) emphasises the immediate context of the verse and notes that it is embedded in a discussion about justification: our relationship with God. [21] The Galatians appear to have been receptive to the teaching of these newcomers, and the epistle is Paul's response to what he sees as their willingness to turn from his teaching. The fate of the Galatian people is a subject of some uncertainty, but they seem ultimately to have been absorbed into the Greek-speaking populations of Anatolia. Two Senses of Name:"Galatia" was a name used in two different senses during the 1st century after Christ:(1) GeographicalTo designate a country in the north part of the central plateau of Asia Minor, touching Paphlagonia and Bithynia North, Phrygia West and South, Cappadocia and Pontus Southeast and East, about the headwaters of the Sangarios and the middle course of the Halys;(2) PoliticalTo designate a large province of the Roman empire, including not merely the country Galatia, but also Paphlagonia and parts of Pontus, Phrygia, Pisidia, Lycaonia and Isauria. [66][67] Other scholars, such as G. K. Beale, argue that the Old Testament backdrop of Galatians 6:16e.g. This is the most extended discussion of Paul's past that we find in the Pauline letters (cf. The name Galatia first appears in the New Testament in Acts 16:6 as a region where Paul had preached the gospel. Paul the Apostle visited Galatia in his missionary journeys,[16] and wrote to the Christians there in the Epistle to the Galatians. I use all as my study material. [4] Though the Celts had, to a large extent, integrated into Hellenistic Asia Minor, they preserved their linguistic and ethnic identity. regio Lycaonia Galatica,(2) the Phrygian and Galatic region, i.e. Each journey started in the city of Jerusalem and ended back in the city of Jerusalem. The "Galatians" to whom Paul wrote had Changed very quickly to a new form of religion, not from fickleness, but from a certain proneness to a more oriental form of religion which exacted of them more sacrifice of a ritual type. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion . I also receive Insight [for Today] daily. The Roman province of Galatia may be roughly described as the central region of the peninsula of Asia Minor, bounded on the north by Bithynia and Paphlagonia; on the east by Pontus; on the south by Cappadocia and Lycaonia; on the west by Phrygia. Who were the Galatians? The Corinthians had failed in the practical application of Christian principles; the Galatians (so far as they listened to their Judaising teachers) could hardly be said to have Christian principles at all. [1][2] By the 1st century BC, the Celts had become so Hellenized that some Greek writers called them Hellenogalatai (). 10:33; Eph. Because Christians have been freed from bondage to the sinful nature, we now have the path of holiness open to us. The church at Jerusalem had been impoverished by the great liberality in its first years, and by the persecutions which followed. Paul wrote the book a few months before his attendance at the Jerusalem Council in AD 49, a meeting where the apostles would take up this very topic (Acts 15:130). [9] In 279 BC, two Celtic factions united under the leadership of Brennus and began to push southwards from southern Bulgaria towards the Greek states. The churches in Galatia were formed partly of converted Jews, and partly of Gentile converts, as was generally the case. Paul's letter is addressed "to the churches of Galatia",[16] but the location of these churches is a matter of debate. Most scholars agree that it is a geographical reference to the Roman province in central Asia Minor, which had been settled by immigrant Celts in . Paul traversed both regions, making no new churches but only strengthening the existing disciples and churches. Paul's Use of "Galatians. Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Our study of Galatians will be enhanced if we all take a moment this weekend to read through the book of Galatians. In Paul's time, females and males were considered one sex, and the female was understood to be the inferior version of the male. Questions to Be Answered:The questions that have to be answered are: (a) In which of the two senses is "Galatia" used by Paul and Peter? As you read this letter, consider some of the themes that Paul returns to again and again. Istanbul Archaeological Museum. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. Stages of Evangelization of Province2. 12). [25] John P. Meier suggests that Galatians was "written in the middle or late 50s, only a few years after the Antiochene incident he narrates". They kept their native law under the Empire. Michael Bachmann argues that this phrase is a mention of certain actions taken by Jewish people to distinguish themselves and perpetuate separation between themselves and Gentiles. In an administrative reorganisation (c. 386395), two new provinces succeeded it, Galatia Prima and Galatia Secunda or Salutaris, which included part of Phrygia. But Pauls profound insight into the higher designs of God in Christ led him to understand and welcome the priority of promise and faith (shown in the experience of Abraham, Gal 3:618) and the supernatural gifts of the Spirit (Gal 3:25; 5:166:10). Many disciples were made on this journey and elders were appointed, laying the foundation of the churches of Galatia to whom Paul would write his letter (Gal. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! In the aftermath of the battle, the Celts then settled in northern Phrygia, a region that eventually came to be known as Galatia. Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large. He wonders why they have so soon left him and the gospel; and accurses those who preach any other gospel than he did. [57] E. P. Sanders argues that though Jews could eat in the same location with Gentiles, Jews did not want to consume food from the same vessels used by Gentiles. Including his trip to Rome, the book of Acts describes four different missionary journeys Paul took to preach the gospel and plant churches after his conversion to Christ (1314; 15:3618:22; 18:2326:32; 2728). 1 At least the Believers in Antioch (in Pisidia as opposed to Antioch in Syria) were included. View our current career opportunities. View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Galatians, which divides the book into major sections and highlights themes and key verses. The Roman Province:This large province was divided into regiones for administrative purposes; and the regiones coincided roughly with the old national divisions Pisidia, Phrygia (including Antioch, Iconium, Apollonia), Lycaonia (including Derbe, Lystra and a district organized on the village-system), etc. Only in chapter 3 did he begin to get to the heart of their error; namely, that these Galatians sought to be justified by the Mosaic Law. xv0.6; Syncellus, when he says (Augoustos Galatais phorous etheto), follows an older historian describing the imposing of taxes on the province; and an inscription of Apollonia Phrygiae calls the people of the city Galatae (Lebas-Waddington, 1192). There are three different pairs that Paul uses to elaborate his ideology. Acts 15:41 And he went through Syria and Cilicia, confirming the churches. Only the Lord knows why He chose Saul of Tarsus to be His chief apostle to the Gentiles, especially as he was in the midst of persecuting Christians. Galatia refers to a region in north central Turkey; Ankara, the capital of modern Turkey, was once a major Galatian city (Ancyra). On the South Galatian theory, the date would be earlier, perhaps A.D. 4850. We must walk a fine lineon one hand, we do not want to fall into the legalism that the Galatians struggled with, but on the other, we cannot just live as if anything goes. 3 And when I come, whomsoever ye shall approve by . We know, for example, that Paul was born in Tarsus, a city known for its learning, and studied in Jerusalem under Rabbi Gamaliel (Acts 22:3), one of the most significant Jewish teachers of the first century. The name occurs in 1 Corinthians 16:1 Galatians 1:2 1 Peter 1:1, and perhaps 2 Timothy 4:10. Grammatically, this phrase can be interpreted either as an objective genitive "through faith in Jesus Christ" or as a subjective genitive "through the faith of Jesus Christ". [54] Still other scholars argue that whereas the "Mosaic law is abolished", the new "law of Christ fits with the Zion Torah", which "hails from Zion and is eschatological". et Balb. Interested in joining the Ligonier team? These false teachers suggested that to live by grace and in freedom meant to live a lawless and therefore degenerate life. [50], Much debate surrounds what Paul means by "law of Christ" in Galatians 6:2, a phrase that occurs only once in all of Paul's letters. However, the meaning of this verse is not expounded upon further by Paul. Encyclopedia, MS Encarta 2001, under article "Galatia". He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. Transference to Rome3. There is debate about the meaning of the phrase in Galatians 2:16. 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