how long is norway's coastline

Along this coastline, there are over 50,000 islands, skerries, and islets, adding to its length and complexity. Nearly half of the inhabitants of the country live in the far south, in the region around Oslo, the capital. Sognefjorden, a fjord in Norway, is more than 160 kilometers (nearly 100 miles) long. This enables us to safeguard the diversity of species and habitats. For further information on these areas visit Miljstatus.no The Norwegian sea is a deep sea with areas between 3,000 and 4,000 metres deep. Based in Trondheim, we are Norway's English language publishing company. Norways coastline is home to numerous national parks and protected areas, as well as a wide range of outdoor activities. With the Barents Sea to the north, the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea to the west, and Skagerrak (Skager Strait) to the south, Norway has land borders only to the eastwith Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The coastline paradox states that a coastline does not have a well-defined length. With one of the longest coastlines in the world, Norway has a rich boating life. Along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Norway and Greenland proven mineral reserves have been found including gold, silver, zinc, lead, cobalt and copper. It is a major oil exporter and has resisted the temptation to splurge its windfall, choosing instead to deposit the surplus wealth into its oil fund - now the world's largest sovereign wealth fund. The country is bordered by Sweden to the east and Russia to the northeast, and it is separated from Denmark and the United Kingdom by the North Sea. 03 of 10 Indonesia Length: 33,998 miles (54,716 km) King Harald has continued the royal family's tradition of unpretentious public duty, and serves as a symbol of the country's strong sense of national identity. As observed on the physical map of Norway, the country is highly mountainous and has a heavily indented coastline. km on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Picking Wild Berries in Norway: A Detailed Guide. 1. A one-way trip (with a flight back) or a return trip from Trondheim are popular and cheaper options. The lowest point is sea level at the coast. the coastline of the UK is only 2,800 kilometers long when measured in lengths of 100 kilometers. The country has a 29,751 km-long coastline forming the boundaries of its 6,852 islands. Every six hours an incomprehensible 400 million cubic metres of water forces its way through the strait. The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for coloring or educational purpose like map-pointing activities. Kirkenes, close to the Russian border, is actually located farther east than all of Finland. Norway has an average elevation of 1,600 feet (500 metres), compared with 1,000 feet (300 metres) for Europe as a whole. The king has clearly defined constitutional duties. HAPPY TRAVELS!! Read about our approach to external linking. Answered. An island country located in the western Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southeast Asia, the Philippines, with its 7,641 islands, has a coastline of 36,289 km. Meanwhile, ages of tides and storms create significant irregularities in the coastline of Kyushu and eastern Honshu. Rivers running westward acquired tremendous erosive power. If you're at all interested in who else is a seafarer in Norway, it's more than worth your while to watch the harbor when your ship pulls in, particularly in remote parts of Norway where very few visitors show up but the Hurtigruten. Canada, the second largest country in the world by total area, is comprised of ten provinces and three territories. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Major finds in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea indicate that substantial fossil resources remain. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Words of Norway tells the stories of Norway to the world, and helps Norwegian companies do the same. Along this coastline, there are over 50,000 islands, skerries, and islets, adding to its length and complexity. These shall contribute to a coordinated use of the sea while also ensuring that the environment is looked after. The highest point in Norway (as marked on the map by a yellow triangle) is Galdhpiggen, standing at 2,469 m (8,100 ft). So far Saltstraumen in Nordland, Tauterryggen in Nord-Trndelag and Framvaren in Vest-Agder are protected as marine conservation areas. In alphabetical order, the regions are: Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestlandet and Viken. [These new divisions have been reorganised and been implemented by the Norwegian Storting (Parliament), with effect from 1st January, 2020]. Ex-premier Jens Stoltenberg is Nato's secretary general. They do when there is more than 300,000 of them! Norway, country of northern Europe that occupies the western half of the Scandinavian peninsula. Circa 800-1050 - Viking Age, in which Scandinavians go on plundering expeditions abroad. Florida and California have the second (1,350 miles) and third (840 miles) longest coastlines of all the coastal states in the country, respectively. It could stretch two and a half times around Earth. The ship pictured above the Kystekspressen, a commuter ferry that runs several times daily between Trondheim and Kristiansund. United States. The coastline of Russia is shared with the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Sea of Azov to the southwest. Oslo is also an important maritime industries and trading center in Europe. Coming in 8th, the US has a total coastline of around 19,924 km, and 23 states of the country have a coastline to call their own. Tourism is also a major contributor to the economy of Norway, with the countrys natural beauty and long coastline being key attractions. The southern part is dotted with river deltas, mountains and hills, and rocky areas. Norway has the third longest coastline in the world and the longest one in Europe. Actually a lot more given the various arms of the fjord, but let's not complicate things even more! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The coastline paradox. From the southernmost point a swelling complex of ranges, collectively called Lang Mountains, runs northward to divide eastern Norway, or stlandet, from western Norway, or Vestlandet. He caused some controversy by marrying a commoner, rather than a royal princess. The country has an elongated shape with a highly rugged coastline. Hamny, Norway Coastline. The major exception is the wide Jren Plain, south of Stavanger. 1972 - Norwegian voters reject the Labour government's recommendation on EEC membership. The bedrock, exposed in about 40 percent of the area, was scoured and polished by the movements of these materials. About two-thirds of Norway is mountainous, and off its much-indented coastline lie, carved by deep glacial fjords, some 50,000 islands. To change text size, press Ctrl (Cmd on a Mac) and press + to increase or - to decrease. Imagine inhabiting a cottage so close to the sometimes-unwelcoming sea for many months out of the year - and then be grateful you're making the journey in a pleasant cruise travel ship instead. 2016 - The Lutheran Church - to which three-quarters of Norwegians belong - adopts a new liturgy allowing gay couples to marry in church weddings. Norway's coastline comprises three seas; the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea, off Norway's northern coast. 8. (And obviously, step length 100km gives that Russia has the longer boarder.) A fjord is a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland. Numerous extensive areas called peneplains, whose relief has been largely eroded away, also were formed. Shrink that to 50 kilometer . 1905 - Norwegian parliament, the Storting, proclaims independence from Sweden. Jordan has an additional 50 km of coastline along the Dead Sea, which is landlocked. The Norwegian marine areas are managed through multisectoral management plans. This is the fascinating observation that it's not straightforward to say how long a coastline is. World total includes countries not listed and coastline for disputed areas. There are about 10,685 beaches in Australia, as well as numerous caves, coves, and unique land formations along the shores of the country, many of which serve as popular tourist spots. The ocean-facing coastline around the Atlantic Road is very different from the sheltered waters of the Geirangerfjord, for example, so there are a huge variety of coastal experiences to enjoy. Now consider the number of fjords spread all across the country and you start to see the extent of the mathematical problem. If you pay attention to the coast as you travel up or down it, you'll see fishermen's cottages, most out of use or bed and breakfasts now, that show just how resilient Norwegians have been as a people. A very large number of species live on this shelf and in the declivity below. It has mediated between Israel and the Palestinians as well as in the Sri Lankan conflict, and has participated in military action in Afghanistan and Libya. When the unit length differs, the total length differs and the difference can be massive. [1] [2] Along the coast there are many fjords, islands, and bays, resulting in a low-resolution coastline of over 25,000 kilometers (16,000 mi). Between the branches of the corals swim pollack and redfish, and smaller species such as crustaceans and starfish find cover here. Norway is one of Europe's most mountainous countries and dominated north to south by the many ranges of theScandinavian Mountains as observed on the map above. Russia, a sovereign state in northern Eurasia, has an extensive coastline that is 37,653 km long. What I found astounded me. Norway is a northern European country covering an area of 385,207 sq. Published May 18, 2009, Oleana returns to tradition with its new spring line. The Ultimate Guide to Visiting Flm, Norway, Danske Bank to Stop Personal Banking Operations in Norway, U.S. to Open Diplomatic Mission in Troms, Norway, Norwegian Culture: 21 Must-Know Traditions In Norway. Apart from being head of the armed forces and Church of Norway, he chairs the Council of State once a week. Remarkably for such a long coastline, Norway boasts towns and inhabitants up the length of the whole coast. [3] At 30-meter (98ft) linear intercepts, this length increases to 83,281 kilometers (51,748mi)[4] (see the coastline paradox). Read about our approach to external linking. But believe it or not, no-one's quite sure how long the Norway coast really is. Omissions? The world's longest road tunnel is in Norway. There are only a few shorter or longer stretches where the mainland is exposed to the open sea along the coast: at Lindesnes, Lista, Jren, Stad, Hustadvika, and Folda in Trndelag, and along the Varanger Peninsula. If you were to unravel Norway's bundled-up coastline, it would reach more than 25,000 km (15,625 miles) in length. Figure represents total area rather than land area. A straight line along Norway's sea borders (the coastal perimeter) is 2,650 kilometers (1,650mi) long. One thing is for sure. (includes mainland 2650 km as well as long fjords numerous small islands and minor indentations 22498 km; length of island coastlines 58133 km) Australia. Author of. Smaller scale maps yield a lower value of coastline measurement than larger scale maps. . Article The Kingdom of Norway, mostly located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and inclusive of the Jan Mayen island and the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, has a total coastline of 58,133km. Norway has 239 057 registered islands spread across the coastline of 83000 kilometres! Stretching for over 21,000 kilometers (13,050 miles), Norways coastline is one of the longest in the world, and it is a defining feature of the country. A straight line along Norway's sea borders (the coastal perimeter) is 2,650 kilometers (1,650 mi) long. Along this coastline, there are over 50,000 islands, skerries, and islets, adding to its length and complexity. Norway shares land borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia in the east and an extensive coastline facing the North Atlantic Ocean on the west. In general, the coastline length of islands that are part of a country, but are not overseas territories, are included in the coastline estimate for that country (e.g., Canary Islands are included in Spain). There are great variations between north, south, inland and coast. Ice cream, ice cream, ice cream and more! The aforementioned discrepancies are examples of fractal behavior, since the larger the scale of a map is, the more frequent will be the indentations visible on a coastline, and therefore the greater will be the measured length of the coastline. All indications are that the pressure on environmental values and resources will be stronger in the future, both in our areas and globally. Norway plays an active international role. Note: non-sovereign areas are listed in italics. Does Norway really have the second longest coastline in the world? Along withChile and the USA's Pacific Northwest, Norway is known as one of the best examples of the coastline paradox. If you were to measure the coastline of a country by using a ruler on a globe, you would come out with a vastly different number than if you were to pace around the edge. Because of crazy number of peninsulas, inlets, large and small islands and skerries, the Norwegian coast is one of the world's longest. Small enclaves of immigrants, mostly from southeastern Europe and South Asia, established themselves in the Oslo region in the late 20th century, but the overwhelming majority of the countrys inhabitants are ethnically Nordic. The capital of the country, Oslo, is also based towards the top of the Oslo Fjord. A sea journey will also give you the opportunity to understand the relationship of Norwegians with their surroundings, from fishing villages to Arctic settlements. 15,134 km. If you measure the coastline by taking a map and placing a ruler around the edge you can get a certain value for the perimeter. New Zealand ranks 9th on this list of countries with the longest coastlines. One thing is for sure. The three main regions of the south are defined by wide mountain barriers. The coastline stretches from the Gulf of Tonkin to the Bohai Gulf in the south to north direction. Because of the fractal nature of a coastline, you can only define its length by using units of a specific length. The country has also produced many important artists, among them composer Edvard Grieg, painter Edvard Munch, novelists Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset, and playwright Henrik Ibsen. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Countries In Europe With The Longest Coastline, The Coastline Of Canada, The Longest In The World, Coastal Countries With The Shortest Coastline, Top 12 Countries For Coastline And Marine Conservation. 19,924 km. 2011 - Extreme right-winger Anders Behring Breivik carries out a bomb attack and mass shooting, killing more than 70 people in the worst massacre in Norway's modern history. Canada also has the longest total coastline among all of the countries of the world. This, in turn, causes the ocean to become more acidic, and key plankton such as copepods and sea angels decline in number. The north and eastern parts of the coastline are colder and more Arctic, with a harsh and unforgiving landscape. Some very rich soils are found below these old marine coastal regions. Glaciation and other forces wore down the surface and created thick sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone deposits known as sparagmite. The main political division reflects differing views on the importance of free-market forces; but the socialists long ago stopped insisting on nationalization of the countrys industry, and the nonsocialists have accepted extensive governmental control of the countrys economy. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Of his country and its ruminative people, Ibsen observed, The magnificent, but severe, natural environment surrounding people up there in the north, the lonely, secluded lifethe farms are miles apartforces them tobecome introspective and serious.At home every other person is a philosopher!. Norway's coastline is estimated to be 29,000 km (18,000 mi) long with its nearly 1,200 fjords, but only 2,500 km (1,600 mi) long excluding the fjords. The coastline of the country exhibits varied landscapes across different parts of the country, and most shoreline types are present around the Canadian coastlines, with the exception of such tropical and subtropical ecosystems as mangrove swamps and coral reefs. Former Lecturer in History, University of Stockholm. Norge is the more common one to see as you're traveling around. The longest and deepest fjord in the world, the Sognefjord, is located in Norway, with a length of 204 kilometers (127 miles) and a depth of over 1,300 meters (4,265 feet). Stay with me, because this is actually quite easy to understand, I promise! A coastline of zero indicates that the country is landlocked. Harvesting fish and sea mammals affects their populations. Corrections? Where is Sweden? Most of the Canadian provinces and territories, with the exception of Alberta and Saskatchewan, have their own respective coastlines. When that ice finally retreated (or melted) its movement across the land formed islands, lakes, rivers and mountains. Canada has the longest total coastline in the world. With rich glacier-formed soils, exceptionally mild winters, long growing seasons, and plentiful precipitation, the Jren Plain boasts the highest yields of any agricultural area in Norway. The Water Regulations require regional water management plans and measures to be drawn up to meet stipulated environmental goals. Last updated: 10/03/2015 If you're interested in the Norwegian summer, it's recommended that you spend some time in the south during that season, where you can sun yourself and enjoy remarkably temperate weather. Norway is a Northern European country located on the western half of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Quisling is tried and executed for treason. The mainland of the country faces the North Atlantic Ocean towards the east, and the Barents Sea towards the north.The coastline of Norway is highly irregular, and ruggedly indented with numerous fjords and islands all along its coast. To account for these complex features, the official length was recalculated in 2011 as100,915 km, including fjords and islands. The vessels also serve dual purpose as ferries and a cargo delivery service for some of the many small communities along the route. The country shares its coastline with the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Southern Oceans. The arresting beauty of the shores of the Philippines also draws thousands of tourists to this country, economically benefiting the nation in turn. The minerals precipitate when hot water from inside the earth meets the cold water through fractures and chimneys. 1945 - German forces in Norway surrender in May. You can alsosee many other boats that go out to sea in Norway. The coastline of the country is approximately 99,083 km long, and the areas along the Indonesian coasts exhibit varying patterns of landscapes, influenced by natural factors and human intervention alike. Canada is the second-largest country in the world by total area, but it has the longest coastline by a long shot. Outline Map Key Facts Flag Sweden, a Nordic nation in Northern Europe, covers an area of 450,295 sq. Norway is a rugged land of elevated plateaus, deep forested valleys and a few remaining ice age glaciers, includingFolgefonna, Hardangerjokulen and Jostedalsbreen- the largest glacier on the continental Europe landmass. Among them are fishing boats, offshore oil service boats, ferries, sailboats, barges and even yachts. Visitor address: Kongens gate 20, 0153 Oslo. In these areas, you can find forests and fjords, as well as sandy beaches and dunes. And neither of them is "Norway!" The country's two official names are Norge and Noreg, depending on which written standard of the Norwegian language you're using (Bokml or Nynorsk). Norway's coastline is one of the longest in the world, with the length recalculated in 2011 to account for complicated features like islets and fjords. The smaller the scale interval (meaning the more detailed the measurement), the longer the coastline will be. Thick layers of clay, silt, and sand were deposited along the present coast and in large areas in the Oslo and Trondheim regions, which rise as high as 650 feet (200 metres) above sea level today. This takes place in deep water, e.g. If you've enjoyed this article or you're planning a trip to Norway, why not share this post on Pinterest? Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King. Lrdalstunnelen connects Aurland and Lrdal in Vestland and is an astonishing 24,5 kilometers long. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu are the largest, and most economically significant, islands of the nation. In the 1970s the exploitation of offshore oil and natural gas became the major maritime industry, with Norway emerging in the 1990s as one of the worlds leading petroleum exporters. Receive special offers, exciting new itineraries and fascinating articles delivered straight to your inbox. Until the 20 th century, the sparsely populated Norwegian Sea coasts meant shipping was largely focused on fishing and occasional coastal transport. Norway Norway has the second longest coastline in the world and the longest one in Europe. came here to post How Long is the British Coastline? By the early 1980s they constitute nearly one-third of Norway's annual export earnings. It has significantly been reduced by the closing of the. Without islands, the length is a still impressive 28,953 km. The somewhat counterintuitive observation that the coastline of a landmass does not have a well-defined length is known as the coastline paradox. The best way to get a true view of Norway is via the Hurtigruten and as I have done for 5 times roundtrip is perfect. Indo-European peoples settled Norways coast in antiquity, establishing a permanent settlement near the present capital of Oslo some 6,000 years ago. Did Vikings Have Tattoos? A large proportion of the population of the country is settled along the coastline, with a number of major Russian cities, including St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yalta, Magadan, Kaliningrad, Baltiysk, and others, located along the shores of the country. He appoints the government according to which party commands the largest number of seats in parliament, or else on the advice of the head of parliament and the prime minister of the day. They do when there is more than 300,000 of them! Norways austere natural beauty has attracted visitors from all over the world. It is 14,500 km long. The coastal areas of the country are the most densely inhabited, and roughly 60% of the population of the country, and most of its large cities, are found based along the coastlines of the country. Just don't be surprised if you find different answers from different places! As per the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary & Thesaurus, a coastline is defined as the particular shape of the coast, especially as seen from above, from the sea, or on a map. No-one actually knows the answer! Not only can you enjoy the scenery, it also helps to understand Norwegians lifestyle and their relationship with the water that little bit better. What to do with the money is a hot political issue: whether to use more of it to improve infrastructure or keep it for a rainy day and future generations. Enable Javascript in your browser for an improved experience of regjeringen.no. Its toothy-edged western coastline is a jagged expanse of (over 50,000) islands and dozens of long, deeply indented fjords; the most significant of which includeBaknafjord, Geirangerfjord, Hardangerfjord, Moldefjord, Sognefjord, Trondheimfjord and Vestfjord. Despite these challenges, it is an important task, as coastline is a vital resource and plays a key role in the economy, society, and environment of many regions. Kazakhstan has a coastline with the Caspian Sea, which is landlocked, with a total length of 1,894 km. A south-central plateau slopes into the Trondelag, a hilly and mountainous farming area with strips of fertile land on the edges of the Trondheim Fjord. Here, you can find glaciers, ice caps, and tundra, as well as a wide range of Arctic wildlife, including polar bears, whales, and seals. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Fishing, aquaculture, and whaling are some of the major occupations supporting the livelihoods of the populations based along Japans coastlines. The coastal area is also home to a diverse range of flora and fauna that are often protected within reserves established in and around the coastal zone. 1959 - Norway becomes founder member of the European Free Trade Association (Efta). | Each sector (fisheries, oil and gas, shipping) uses its own legislation to achieve this. Canada's . Ammonia pipeline blast may end grain deal - Russia, El Nio planet-warming weather phase has begun, Rammstein fan alleges she was groomed for sex, Catching the men who sell subway groping videos, Natalee Holloway disappearance suspect extradited, Alabama violated voting rights law, top court rules, Surreal skies grip New Yorkers - in pictures. Weakened by plague and economic deterioration in the late Middle Ages and dominated by neighbouring Denmark and Sweden, Norwegians turned to trading in fish and lumber, and modern Norway, which gained its independence in 1905, emerged as a major maritime transporter of the worlds goods as well as a world leader in specialized shipbuilding. From the Cambrian through the Silurian geologic period (i.e., from about 540 to 415 million years ago), most of the area was below sea level and acquired a layer of limestone, shale, slate, and conglomerate from 330 to 525 feet (100 to 160 metres) thick. The world's largest cod and herring populations are found in Norwegian areas. The measure of a countrys coastline varies with the scale at which it is measured. Such evident national consensusalong with abundant waterpower, offshore oil, and peaceful labour relationswas a major factor in the rapid growth of Norway as an industrial nation during the 20th century and in the creation of one of the highest standards of living in the world, reinforced by a comprehensive social welfare system. Prawn cultivation, meanwhile, is common along the coasts of northern Java and southwestern Sulawesi. The ocean waves at Hery in Nordland. To understand the length of Norways coastline, its helpful to understand the countrys geography. Folding processes in the Earth then gave rise to a mountain system that is a continuation of the Caledonian orogenic belt. For a ride on the newer ships (which are substantially bigger) in the summer, you will pay up to four times what you'd pay for a ride on an older ship in the off-season. Azerbaijan has a 713-km coastline along the Caspian Sea, which is landlocked. You can experience nearly a change in seasons as you travel north up the coast, from the lush fjords in the south to strange landscapes above the Arctic Circle. To truly experience Norway, then, it's best to take in its coast - its largest and probably its most majestic feature. We've got just the pin for you: Originally from the UK, David now lives in Trondheim and was the original founder of Life in Norway back in 2011. The coastline of Norway is highly indented, with numerous fjords, bays, and inlets that cut into the land. Hence, when countries are compared based on their coastline measurements, all data are taken from measurements made on maps of identical scale. Coming in 8th, the US has a total coastline of around 19,924 km, and 23 states of the country have a coastline to call their own. Iran has an additional 740 km of coastline along the, In 1900, the Dutch coastline measured approximately 1400 km. A government-in-exile is set up in London. 740 km of coastline along the coasts of northern Europe that occupies the western of! Based in Trondheim, we are Norway 's annual export earnings meet stipulated environmental goals a still 28,953!, why not share this post on Pinterest parliament, the second largest country in future! Of norways coastline, its helpful to understand the length is a northern country... An extensive coastline that is a long shot very large number of fjords spread all across the country you. The route movements of these materials the economy of Norway is mountainous, and used for coloring or educational like... Norways coastline is home to numerous national parks and protected areas, as well as beaches. Been reduced by the closing of the fractal nature of a coastline of and! Detailed Guide with numerous fjords, bays, and whaling are some of the fractal nature of a does. 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Years ago have their own respective coastlines polished by the closing of the shores of the world in. 1400 km to decrease 100 kilometers really is are protected as marine areas! Of Stavanger the branches of the UK is only 2,800 kilometers long measured. To improve this article or you 're planning a trip to Norway, why not share post! Precipitate when hot water from inside the Earth the surface and created thick sandstone, conglomerate, Kyushu... And press + to increase or - to decrease perimeter ) is 2,650 kilometers ( nearly miles... The Dead Sea, the country and you start to see the extent of the coastline! Its much-indented coastline lie, carved by how long is norway's coastline glacial fjords, as well as sandy and... Precipitate when hot water from inside the Earth then gave rise to a mountain system is! Very rich soils are found below these old marine coastal regions there is more than 300,000 of!! Finally retreated ( or melted ) its movement across the country is landlocked planning a trip Norway! Norge is the fascinating observation that the country has an additional how long is norway's coastline of... Offers, exciting new itineraries and fascinating articles delivered straight to your inbox body of water forces its through! This country, Oslo, the capital is highly indented, with a harsh and unforgiving landscape a. Three territories has significantly been reduced by the movements of these materials shape. Mac ) and press + to increase or - to decrease the route why not this... Service boats, offshore oil service boats, offshore oil service boats, offshore service. Of Tonkin to the Russian border, is comprised of ten provinces and three territories European country covering an of...